Pervagor spilosoma is an omnivore, picking continuously at algae, small invertebrates, and other edible material across reef surfaces. Some accounts emphasize its herbivorous tendencies, but in practice the species takes both plant and animal matter, and captive diets should reflect that breadth. Offer a rotation of frozen preparations along with live foods, marine algae, and vegetable-based fare so that both halves of the diet are covered.

Feed several small portions throughout the day, and be especially attentive during the first weeks after introduction, when frequent offerings help the fish settle and maintain condition. Once it begins foraging on its own and locating natural food sources within the aquarium, feeding frequency can be scaled back. Continued access to grazing surfaces reduces the likelihood of the fish turning its attention toward tank inhabitants.

This is a peaceful, sociable filefish that generally coexists well with most fish in a community system. The main exception involves similarly shaped relatives, toward which it may become territorial, so avoid keeping it with other filefishes in anything but a very large aquarium. Because it is a cautious feeder, introduce the Fantail Filefish before any bolder or more assertive tankmates, allowing it to establish itself and learn feeding routines first. More aggressive fish can be added after it has fully acclimated.

Invertebrate compatibility is the central caveat, and this species should be considered reef safe with caution. It is inclined to sample small shrimp and other small crustaceans, and in some systems it has also bothered LPS corals, soft corals, larger shrimp and crabs, and assorted invertebrates. Some aquarists house it in reef displays without incident, but a fully stocked ornamental invertebrate tank is a gamble. Fish-only or fish-and-rock systems, or well-fed reefs where the keeper accepts the risk to motile inverts, are the safer placements.