Epaulette Shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum)

Introduction to Epaulette Sharks

The Epaulette Shark is a unique and captivating marine species best known for its ability to “walk” along the ocean floor using its muscular pectoral and pelvic fins. Native to shallow tidal reefs of Australia and New Guinea, this shark has adapted to survive in low-oxygen environments, often found exploring tide pools during low tide. Their calm nature, distinctive spotted patterning, and signature dark “epaulette” marking behind each pectoral fin make them especially striking in large aquarium displays. Although hardy and personable, Epaulette Sharks require very large, species-appropriate systems and are best suited for experienced aquarists.

Care Requirements

Care Level: Moderate to Difficult – Requires large, stable aquarium with excellent filtration
Minimum Tank Size: 180–300+ gallons (larger footprint preferred)

Aquarium Setup:
Epaulette Sharks require an aquarium with a large open sand bed, minimal sharp rockwork, and strong biological filtration to handle their protein-rich diet. A wide, shallow tank is preferred over a tall one to maximize floor space. Tank must have a secure, tight-fitting lid, as sharks can jump when startled.

Diet & Nutrition

Epaulette Sharks are carnivorous bottom feeders that actively hunt crustaceans and small invertebrates in the wild. In captivity, they should be fed a varied, nutrient-rich diet to maintain muscle tone and overall health.

Diet: Carnivorous – Requires meaty marine foods

Recommended Foods:

• Fresh or frozen shrimp, squid, clams, scallops

• Chopped fish such as silversides or smelt

• Enriched krill or prawns

• Occasional live crustaceans for enrichment

Feed 3–4 times per week, ensuring portions are appropriately sized. Avoid feeder fish (goldfish, minnows) as they cause nutritional deficiencies.

Lifespan & Growth Rate

Lifespan: 15–25+ years in captivity with proper care
Growth Rate: Moderate – Typically reaches 30–36 inches in length

Due to their long lifespan and adult size, they require long-term space planning and stable water conditions.

Temperament & Compatibility

Temperament: Peaceful to Semi-Aggressive – Depends on tankmates
Epaulette Sharks are generally calm and do not actively chase tankmates. However, they will consume small fish, crabs, and shrimp that fit into their mouths. Best housed with larger, slow-moving fish or kept in a dedicated species/display tank. They do not harm corals but may disturb or knock over loose frags while moving across the substrate.

Common Challenges & Considerations

• Tank Size Requirements: Needs large footprint tank for natural movement

• Sensitive to Water Quality: Requires stable, well-maintained filtration

• Injury Risk: Sharp rock can cause skin scrapes—use smooth aquascape surfaces

• Feeding Balance: Requires supplementation (vitamins/minerals) for long-term health

Water Conditions

• Temperature: 75–80°F

• dKH (Alkalinity): 8–12

• pH: 8.1–8.4

• Specific Gravity: 1.022–1.025

Stable water with strong oxygenation and moderate flow is essential for their overall well-being.

Color Varieties & Unique Features

Epaulette Sharks display a tan to beige base coloration with scattered dark spots and a distinctive large black “epaulette” mark behind each pectoral fin. Their ability to “walk” along the substrate, explore their environment, and display natural problem-solving behaviors makes them one of the most interactive and visually interesting marine species available to advanced aquarists.